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CVE-2025-31324: Vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Exploited in the Wild
CVE-2025-31324, a zero day vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver, has been generating a good deal of chatter in recent days. Media outlets report that it is being targeted by multiple ransomware groups and Chinese Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups. The unauthenticated file upload vulnerability affects the Metadata Uploader component of SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload malicious files which can be used by an attacker to achieve code execution. SAP has released patches to address CVE-2025-31324. On April 25, Tenable Research Response Team published a blog post about the vulnerability and provided guidance on how to identify affected systems using Tenable plugins. The blog post can be found here: https://www.tenable.com/blog/cve-2025-31324-zero-day-vulnerability-in-sap-netweaver-exploited-in-the-wild Media outlets reporting on CVE-2025-31324 include Bleeping Computer, CyberScoop and Dark Reading. On May 13, as part of the SAP Security Patch Day, SAP released a patch for CVE-2025-42999, a deserialization vulnerability affecting SAP NetWeaver. Onapsis identified and reported this flaw to SAP and noted this was an additional vector for exploitation that the April patch did not address. To ensure full remediation from these vulnerabilities, it’s imperative that both the April and May patches are applied to SAP NetWeaver hosts. If you have questions or concerns about this vulnerability, please submit a comment below or contact your Tenable sales representative.Microsoft’s November 2025 Patch Tuesday Addresses 63 CVEs
Microsoft’s November 2025 Patch Tuesday Addresses 63 CVEs On November 11, Microsoft released its November 2025 Patch Tuesday release which patched 63 CVEs with five rated as critical and 58 rated as important. This month's update included one vulnerability that was exploited in the wild as a zero-day. Elevation of privilege (EoP) vulnerabilities accounted for 46% of the vulnerabilities patched this month, followed by remote code execution (RCE) vulnerabilities at 25.4%. CVE-2025-62215 is an elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Windows Kernel. It was assigned a CVSSv3 score of 7.0 and rated important. A local, authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by winning a race condition in order to gain SYSTEM privileges. According to Microsoft, this vulnerability was exploited in the wild as a zero-day. This month’s update includes patches for: Azure Monitor Agent Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP) Dynamics 365 Field Service (online) GitHub Copilot and Visual Studio Code Host Process for Windows Tasks Microsoft Configuration Manager Microsoft Dynamics 365 (on-premises) Microsoft Graphics Component Microsoft Office Microsoft Office Excel Microsoft Office SharePoint Microsoft Office Word Microsoft Streaming Service Microsoft Wireless Provisioning System Multimedia Class Scheduler Service (MMCSS) Nuance PowerScribe OneDrive for Android Role: Windows Hyper-V SQL Server Storvsp.sys Driver Visual Studio Visual Studio Code CoPilot Chat Extension Windows Administrator Protection Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock Windows Bluetooth RFCOM Protocol Driver Windows Broadcast DVR User Service Windows Client-Side Caching (CSC) Service Windows Common Log File System Driver Windows DirectX Windows Kerberos Windows Kernel Windows License Manager Windows OLE Windows Remote Desktop Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Windows Smart Card Windows Speech Windows Subsystem for Linux GUI Windows TDX.sys Windows WLAN Service For more information, please visit our blog.Frequently Asked Questions About Chinese State-Sponsored Actors Compromising Global Networks
Tenable’s Research Special Operations (RSO) team has compiled this blog to answer Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) regarding state-sponsored threat actor activity associated with the People’s Republic of China (PRC). On August 27, the National Security Agency (NSA) published a joint cybersecurity advisory (CSA) authored and co-authored by a number of security agencies from the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain. This CSA provides guidance on PRC state-sponsored threat actor activity and provides tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) utilized by these advanced persistent threat (APT) actors. These malicious actors have routinely targeted critical infrastructure, including telecommunications providers, but have also been observed attacking government, transportation, military and lodging entities. While the CSA provides some vulnerabilities exploited by these actors, it’s clear that this is not an exhaustive list and organizations need to continue to be vigilant in addressing known and exploitable vulnerabilities which are often abused for initial access to a victims network. The CVEs from the CSA are as follows: CVE Description CVSSv3 VPR CVE-2024-21887 Ivanti Connect Secure and Ivanti Policy Secure Command Injection Vulnerability 9.1 10 CVE-2023-46805 Ivanti Connect Secure and Ivanti Policy Secure Authentication Bypass Vulnerability 8.2 6.7 CVE-2024-3400 Command Injection Vulnerability in the GlobalProtect Gateway feature of PAN-OS 10 10 CVE-2023-20273 Cisco IOS XE Web UI Command Injection Vulnerability 7.2 8.4 CVE-2023-20198 Cisco IOS XE Web UI Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability 10 9.9 CVE-2018-0171 Cisco IOS and IOS XE Smart Install Remote Code Execution (RCE) Vulnerability 9.8 9.2 In addition to the FAQ, the team performed an analysis of Tenable telemetry data and found that a significant number of devices remain unremediated and pose a major risk to the organizations that have yet to successfully patch. As noted in the CSA, these “APT actors may target edge devices regardless of who owns a particular device.” Even in cases where an impacted entity is not a target of interest, these actors may still use compromised devices to conduct additional attacks on targeted networks. For more information about these vulnerabilities, including the availability of patches and Tenable product coverage, please visit our blog.CVE-2025-25256: Proof of Concept Released for Fortinet FortiSIEM Command Injection Vulnerability
On August 12, Fortinet published a security advisory (FG-IR-25-152) for CVE-2025-25256, a critical command injection vulnerability affecting Fortinet FortiSIEM. According to the advisory, exploitation of this flaw does not “produce distinctive” indicators of compromise (IoCs). As such, it may be difficult to identify that a device has been compromised. At the time the advisory was published by Fortinet on August 12, they warned that “practical exploit code” had been found in the wild, though they did not provide a link to the exploit. Tenable Research has attempted to identify a functional proof-of-concept (PoC) for this flaw, however, we have not successfully located one as of the time this post was published. For more information about the vulnerability, including the availability of patches and Tenable product coverage, please visit our blog.Microsoft’s January 2026 Patch Tuesday Addresses 113 CVEs (CVE-2026-20805)
On January 13, Microsoft released its January 2026 Patch Tuesday release which patched 113 CVEs with eight rated as critical and 105 rated as important. This month's update included patches for two zero-days, one of which was exploited in the wild. CVE-2026-20805 is an information disclosure vulnerability affecting Desktop Window Manager. It was assigned a CVSSv3 score of 5.5 and was rated as important. Successful exploitation allows an authenticated attacker to access sensitive data. According to Microsoft, this vulnerability was exploited in the wild as a zero-day. This month’s update includes patches for: Azure Connected Machine Agent Azure Core shared client library for Python Capability Access Management Service (camsvc) Connected Devices Platform Service (Cdpsvc) Desktop Window Manager Dynamic Root of Trust for Measurement (DRTM) Graphics Kernel Host Process for Windows Tasks Inbox COM Objects Microsoft Graphics Component Microsoft Office Microsoft Office Excel Microsoft Office SharePoint Microsoft Office Word Printer Association Object SQL Server Tablet Windows User Interface (TWINUI) Subsystem Windows Admin Center Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock Windows Client-Side Caching (CSC) Service Windows Clipboard Server Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver Windows Common Log File System Driver Windows DWM Windows Deployment Services Windows Error Reporting Windows File Explorer Windows HTTP.sys Windows Hello Windows Hyper-V Windows Installer Windows Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) Windows Kerberos Windows Kernel Windows Kernel Memory Windows Kernel-Mode Drivers Windows LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Windows Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) Windows Local Session Manager (LSM) Windows Management Services Windows Media Windows NDIS Windows NTFS Windows NTLM Windows Remote Assistance Windows Remote Procedure Call Windows Remote Procedure Call Interface Definition Language (IDL) Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Windows SMB Server Windows Secure Boot Windows Server Update Service Windows Shell Windows TPM Windows Telephony Service Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave Windows WalletService Windows Win32K - ICOMP For more information, please visit our blog.CVE-2025-40602: SonicWall Secure Mobile Access (SMA) 1000 Zero-Day Exploited
On December 17, SonicWall published a security advisory (SNWLID-2025-0019) for a newly disclosed vulnerability in its Secure Mobile Access (SMA) 1000 product, a remote access solution. CVE Description CVSSv3 CVE-2025-40602 SonicWall SMA 1000 Privilege Escalation Vulnerability 6.6 CVE-2025-40602 is a local privilege escalation vulnerability in the appliance management console (AMC) of the SonicWall SMA 1000 appliance. An authenticated, remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to escalate privileges on an affected device. While on its own, this flaw would require authentication in order to exploit, the advisory from SonicWall states that CVE-2025-40602 has been exploited in a chained attack with CVE-2025-23006, a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability patched in January. The combination of these two vulnerabilities would allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges. According to SonicWall, “SonicWall Firewall products are not affected by this vulnerability.” For more information about the vulnerability, including the availability of patches and Tenable product coverage, please visit our blog.Microsoft Patch Tuesday 2025 Year in Review
As the end of the year is approaching quickly, the Research Special Operations Team (RSO) has just published our third annual Patch Tuesday year in review. Over the course of 2025, Microsoft patched 1,130 CVEs throughout the year across a number of products. This was a 12% increase compared to 2024, when Microsoft patched 1,009 CVEs. While Microsoft has yet to surpass its 2020 count of 1,245 CVEs, the trend has continued in an upward direction. For more information, please visit our blog.React2Shell: FAQ about React Server Components Vulnerability (CVE-2025-55182)
On December 3, the React Team published a blog post regarding a critical, maximum severity (CVSS 10) vulnerability affecting React Server Components. CVE Description CVSSv3 CVE-2025-55182 React Server Components Remote Code Execution Vulnerability 10.0 The flaw, which is an unsafe deserialization vulnerability, has been named “React2Shell” by researchers, a nod to the Log4Shell vulnerability. Additionally, the Next.js team published its own security advisory for CVE-2025-66478, a separate CVE to track the impact of CVE-2025-55182. However, the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) rejected it as a duplicate. For more information about React2Shell, including the availability of patches and Tenable product coverage, please visit our blog.Investigating: Cl0p Reportedly Breached Oracle E-Business Suite (EBS) Systems
Tenable's Research Special Operations (RSO) team is investigating reports of breaches connected to Oracle E-Business Suite (EBS) systems by the Cl0p extortion group. As of October 3, there have been no specific vulnerabilities (or CVEs) identified in connection with the attacks. However, Rob Duhart, Chief Security Officer at Oracle, published the following in a blog post: Oracle is aware that some Oracle E-Business Suite (EBS) customers have received extortion emails. Our ongoing investigation has found the potential use of previously identified vulnerabilities that are addressed in the July 2025 Critical Patch Update. Oracle reaffirms its strong recommendation that customers apply the latest Critical Patch Updates. In the July 2025 Critical Patch Update (CPU), there were 165 unique CVEs patched, including nine associated with Oracle EBS: CVE Product CVSSv3 CVE-2025-30743 Oracle Lease and Finance Management 8.1 CVE-2025-30744 Oracle Mobile Field Service 8.1 CVE-2025-50105 Oracle Universal Work Queue 8.1 CVE-2025-50071 Oracle Applications Framework 6.4 CVE-2025-30746 Oracle iStore 6.1 CVE-2025-30745 Oracle MES for Process Manufacturing 6.1 CVE-2025-50107 Oracle Universal Work Queue 6.1 CVE-2025-30739 Oracle CRM Technical Foundation 5.5 CVE-2025-50090 Oracle Applications Framework 5.4 Cl0p has historically been linked to the exploitation of zero-day vulnerabilities including in managed file transfer platforms, such as Cleo, MOVEit, GoAnywhere and Accellion. If and when more definitive information becomes available, we will update this post and or publish more details on the Tenable Blog.FAQ on Exploited Zero-Day Flaws in Cisco ASA and FTD Devices (CVE-2025-20333, CVE-2025-20362)
On September 25, Cisco published three advisories for three zero-day vulnerabilities in its Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software: CVE Description CVSSv3 Exploited CVE-2025-20333 Cisco ASA and FTD Software VPN Web Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (RCE) 9.9 Yes CVE-2025-20362 Cisco ASA and FTD Software VPN Web Server Unauthorized Access Vulnerability 6.5 Yes CVE-2025-20363 Cisco ASA and FTD Software, IOS Software, IOS XE Software, and IOS XR Software Web Services 9.0 No According to Cisco, two of the three zero-day vulnerabilities were exploited in the wild by the same threat actor behind 2024's ArcaneDoor campaign that also involved the exploitation of flaws in Cisco devices. For more information about the vulnerability, including the availability of patches and Tenable product coverage, please visit our blog.
